/* thevishalkumar.com | editorial engineering notebook.
   Day/night: follows the OS by default; <html data-theme="day|night"> (set by the
   server from the visitor's own choice) overrides it. No JavaScript anywhere. */

:root {
  --bg: #f5efe4;
  --paper: #fbf7ef;
  --ink: #1b1714;
  --muted: #5c544c;
  --faint: #8a8076;
  --line: #e0d6c5;
  --grid: rgb(27 23 20 / .06);
  --accent: #b93d0b;
  --accent-ink: #fffaf3;
  --accent-soft: #f6dcc8;
  --ok: #2f7d4f;
  --shadow: 0 1px 0 rgb(27 23 20 / .04), 0 12px 30px -18px rgb(27 23 20 / .35);
  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Charter", "Bitstream Charter", "Sitka Text", Cambria, "Noto Serif", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  --mono: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", "JetBrains Mono", "Cascadia Mono", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  --radius: 14px;
  color-scheme: light;
}
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root:not([data-theme="day"]) {
    --bg: #12100e; --paper: #1b1815; --ink: #f1ebe2; --muted: #b3aaa0; --faint: #847b72;
    --line: #2f2a25; --grid: rgb(241 235 226 / .045); --accent: #ff8a4c; --accent-ink: #1a0f08;
    --accent-soft: #3a2316; --ok: #5cc98a; --shadow: 0 12px 30px -18px rgb(0 0 0 / .8);
    color-scheme: dark;
  }
}
:root[data-theme="night"] {
  --bg: #12100e; --paper: #1b1815; --ink: #f1ebe2; --muted: #b3aaa0; --faint: #847b72;
  --line: #2f2a25; --grid: rgb(241 235 226 / .045); --accent: #ff8a4c; --accent-ink: #1a0f08;
  --accent-soft: #3a2316; --ok: #5cc98a; --shadow: 0 12px 30px -18px rgb(0 0 0 / .8);
  color-scheme: dark;
}
:lang(ja) {
  --serif: "Hiragino Mincho ProN", "Yu Mincho", "Noto Serif JP", "Noto Serif CJK JP", serif;
  --sans: "Hiragino Sans", "Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN", "Yu Gothic", "Noto Sans JP", "Noto Sans CJK JP", system-ui, sans-serif;
}

/* ---------- base ---------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 88px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { html { scroll-behavior: auto; } }
body {
  margin: 0; color: var(--ink); background-color: var(--bg);
  background-image: radial-gradient(var(--grid) 1px, transparent 1.2px);
  background-size: 22px 22px;
  font: 17px/1.65 var(--sans); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}
:lang(ja) body, body:lang(ja) { line-height: 1.85; }
a { color: var(--accent); text-underline-offset: 3px; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
a:hover { text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 6px; }
h1, h2, h3, h4 { font-family: var(--serif); font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.15; margin: 0 0 .5em; letter-spacing: -.01em; }
p { margin: 0 0 1em; }
img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
::selection { background: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); }

.wrap { width: min(1120px, 100% - 32px); margin-inline: auto; }
.skip { position: absolute; left: -9999px; }
.skip:focus { left: 16px; top: 16px; background: var(--paper); padding: 8px 12px; z-index: 20; }
.kicker { font: 500 .78rem/1.4 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); margin: 0 0 .6rem; }

/* ---------- reading progress (CSS scroll-driven, progressive) ---------- */
.progress { position: fixed; inset: 0 0 auto; height: 3px; background: var(--accent); transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: 0 50%; z-index: 30; }
@supports (animation-timeline: scroll()) {
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: no-preference) {
    .progress { animation: grow linear both; animation-timeline: scroll(root); }
    .reveal { animation: rise linear both; animation-timeline: view(); animation-range: entry 0% entry 60%; }
  }
}
@keyframes grow { to { transform: scaleX(1); } }
@keyframes rise { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(24px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }

/* ---------- header ---------- */
.site-header {
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 10;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg) 82%, transparent);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px) saturate(1.2); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px) saturate(1.2);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.bar { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 20px; min-height: 64px; }
.brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 650; }
.mark {
  display: grid; place-items: center; width: 34px; height: 34px; border-radius: 9px;
  background: var(--ink); color: var(--bg); font: 700 .8rem/1 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .02em;
}
.nav { margin-inline-start: auto; }
.nav ul { display: flex; gap: 4px; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.nav a { display: block; padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none; font-size: .93rem; }
.nav a:hover { color: var(--ink); background: var(--paper); }
.controls { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.seg { display: inline-flex; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; padding: 2px; background: var(--paper); }
.seg a {
  padding: 4px 11px; border-radius: 999px; color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none;
  font: 500 .78rem/1.5 var(--mono); white-space: nowrap;
}
.seg a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.seg a[aria-current="page"] { background: var(--ink); color: var(--bg); }
.theme a { width: 30px; padding-inline: 0; text-align: center; font-size: .85rem; }
:root[data-theme="day"] .t-day,
:root[data-theme="night"] .t-night,
:root:not([data-theme="day"]):not([data-theme="night"]) .t-auto { background: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); }
.langs { position: relative; }
.langs summary {
  list-style: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 5px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--paper); font: 500 .78rem/1.5 var(--mono); color: var(--muted);
}
.langs summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.langs summary:hover, .langs[open] summary { color: var(--ink); }
.langs ul {
  position: absolute; right: 0; top: calc(100% + 8px); min-width: 160px; margin: 0; padding: 6px; list-style: none;
  background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.langs ul a { display: block; padding: 7px 10px; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.langs ul a:hover { background: var(--bg); }
.langs ul a[aria-current="true"] { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 650; }
.langs ul a[aria-current="true"]::after { content: " ✓"; }

/* ---------- hero ---------- */
.hero {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 340px; gap: 28px 64px; align-items: center;
  padding: 72px 0 40px;
}
.eyebrow { font: 500 .8rem/1.4 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); margin-bottom: 1.2rem; }
.hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 5.4vw, 4.1rem); line-height: 1.04; letter-spacing: -.025em; margin-bottom: .45em; text-wrap: balance; }
.hero h1 em { font-style: italic; color: var(--accent); }
.lede { font-size: 1.16rem; color: var(--muted); max-width: 60ch; }
.portrait { margin: 0; position: relative; justify-self: end; }
.portrait img {
  display: block; width: 340px; aspect-ratio: 1; object-fit: cover; border-radius: 18px;
  box-shadow: 14px 14px 0 var(--accent), var(--shadow); filter: saturate(.92) contrast(1.03);
}
.portrait::after {
  content: "Gurugram · 28.46°N 77.03°E"; position: absolute; left: 0; bottom: -34px;
  font: .72rem/1 var(--mono); color: var(--faint); letter-spacing: .04em;
}
.actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin: 28px 0 22px; }
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; padding: 11px 18px; border-radius: 10px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; font-size: .95rem;
  transition: transform .15s ease, border-color .15s ease;
}
.btn:hover { border-color: var(--ink); transform: translateY(-1px); }
.btn.primary { background: var(--ink); border-color: var(--ink); color: var(--bg); }
.btn.primary:hover { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--accent-ink); }
.btn.ghost { background: transparent; }
.now { display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 8px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; margin: 0; }
.now b { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 650; }
.dot { flex: none; width: 9px; height: 9px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--ok); box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px color-mix(in srgb, var(--ok) 22%, transparent); transform: translateY(-1px); }

.hero-numbers {
  grid-column: 1 / -1; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 36px 0 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.hero-numbers li { padding: 22px 20px 20px 0; }
.hero-numbers li + li { padding-left: 24px; border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.hero-numbers strong { display: block; font: 600 clamp(2rem, 4.6vw, 3.2rem)/1 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.03em; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; }
.hero-numbers span { display: block; margin-top: 8px; color: var(--muted); font-size: .92rem; }

.routes { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin-top: 8px; }
.routes ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 12px; }
.routes li { background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 14px 16px; font-size: .92rem; color: var(--muted); }
.routes a { display: block; margin-top: 4px; font-weight: 650; text-decoration: none; }
.routes a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

/* ---------- sections ---------- */
.section { padding: 80px 0 24px; }
.sec-head { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr); column-gap: 32px; margin-bottom: 36px; align-items: baseline; }
.sec-head .kicker { grid-row: span 2; padding-top: .9rem; border-top: 1px solid var(--ink); }
.sec-head h2 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 2.9rem); margin: 0; }
.sec-head .intro { grid-column: 2; color: var(--muted); margin: .5rem 0 0; max-width: 62ch; }
.intro { color: var(--muted); max-width: 62ch; }

/* impact */
.impact { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr); gap: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.impact li { padding: 24px 22px; border-right: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--paper) 70%, transparent); }
.impact strong { display: block; font: 600 1.85rem/1.1 var(--serif); letter-spacing: -.02em; margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--ink); }
.impact li:nth-child(4n + 1) strong { color: var(--accent); }
.impact > li > span { display: block; color: var(--muted); font-size: .93rem; min-height: 3em; }
details summary { cursor: pointer; }
.impact details { margin-top: 12px; font-size: .9rem; }
.impact summary { font: 500 .75rem/1.4 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--accent); list-style: none; }
.impact summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.impact summary::before { content: "+ "; }
.impact details[open] summary::before { content: "- "; }
.impact details p { margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--muted); }

/* stack */
.layers { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.layer { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; padding: 18px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.layer h3 { font: 500 .8rem/1.6 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin: 6px 0 0; }
.chips { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.chips li { padding: 6px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; background: var(--paper); font-size: .93rem; }
.chips small { color: var(--faint); font: .74rem var(--mono); margin-left: 4px; }

/* experience */
.timeline { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.job { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; padding: 28px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.job .when { position: sticky; top: 88px; align-self: start; margin: 0; font: 500 .9rem/1.6 var(--mono); color: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.what h3 { font-size: 1.45rem; }
.what h3 span { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 450; color: var(--muted); }
.what p { color: var(--muted); margin: 0; max-width: 70ch; }
.roles { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.roles > li { position: relative; }
.roles.multi > li { padding: 0 0 20px 26px; }
.roles.multi > li:last-child { padding-bottom: 0; }
.roles.multi > li::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: .5em; width: 11px; height: 11px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--accent); }
.roles.multi > li + li::before { background: var(--paper); border: 2px solid var(--muted); }
.roles.multi > li:not(:last-child)::after { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 5px; top: calc(.5em + 15px); bottom: 2px; width: 1px; background: var(--line); }
.roles h4 { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 1.02rem; font-weight: 650; margin: 0; line-height: 1.4; }
.role-when { font: .82rem/1.6 var(--mono); margin: 2px 0 6px !important; color: var(--faint) !important; }
.badge { display: inline-block; margin-left: 6px; padding: 1px 8px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--accent-soft); color: var(--accent); font: 600 .68rem/1.6 var(--mono); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .06em; vertical-align: 2px; }
.tags { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 14px 0 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 6px; }
.tags li { font: .75rem/1.6 var(--mono); color: var(--muted); padding: 1px 8px; border-radius: 999px; border: 1px solid var(--line); }

/* work */
.reach { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0 0 28px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 12px; }
.reach li { padding: 18px 20px; border-radius: var(--radius); background: var(--ink); color: var(--bg); }
.reach strong { display: block; font: 600 1.7rem/1.1 var(--serif); }
.reach span { display: block; margin-top: 6px; font-size: .88rem; opacity: .8; }
.cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 16px; }
.card { position: relative; background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); padding: 24px; transition: transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease, border-color .2s ease; }
.card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: var(--shadow); border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--accent) 45%, var(--line)); }
.card h3 { font: 600 1.05rem/1.3 var(--mono); }
.card h3 a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.card h3 a::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; border-radius: inherit; }
.card.starred h3::before { content: "★ "; color: var(--accent); }
.card p { color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; }
.card .meta { margin: 0; font: .76rem/1.5 var(--mono); color: var(--accent); letter-spacing: .03em; }
.more { color: var(--muted); margin-top: 22px; max-width: 80ch; }

/* credentials */
.split { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 32px; }
.split h3 { font: 500 .8rem/1.6 var(--mono); letter-spacing: .06em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.split p { color: var(--ink); }
.plain { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.plain li { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.plain small { font: .75rem var(--mono); color: var(--faint); }

/* contact */
.contact { padding-bottom: 72px; }
.contact h2 { font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 6vw, 4.4rem); letter-spacing: -.03em; }
.big-mail {
  display: inline-block; margin: 8px 0 24px; font: 600 clamp(1.3rem, 3.6vw, 2.3rem)/1.2 var(--serif);
  color: var(--ink); text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--accent); text-decoration-thickness: 3px; text-underline-offset: 8px;
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.big-mail:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.footer { padding: 28px 0 48px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--faint); font-size: .86rem; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 8px 32px; }
.footer p { margin: 0; }

/* ---------- journey ---------- */
.journey-hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; }
.journey-hero .portrait img { width: 300px; filter: grayscale(.25) sepia(.12); }
.chapters { padding-top: 24px; }
.chapter { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 32px; padding: 48px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.ch-year { position: sticky; top: 92px; align-self: start; margin: 0; font: 600 clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem)/1 var(--serif); color: var(--accent); letter-spacing: -.03em; }
.ch-body { max-width: 68ch; }
.ch-body h2 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.2rem); }
.ch-body p { font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 1.12rem; line-height: 1.75; }
.ch-body > p.kicker { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: .78rem; line-height: 1.4; }
.lesson { margin-top: 1.2em; padding: 14px 18px; border-left: 3px solid var(--accent); background: var(--paper); border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; font-family: var(--sans) !important; font-size: 1rem !important; }
.lesson b { font: 600 .74rem var(--mono); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .08em; color: var(--accent); margin-right: 6px; }

.fails { display: grid; gap: 12px; }
.fail { background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); }
.fail summary { list-style: none; display: flex; gap: 16px; align-items: baseline; padding: 18px 22px; }
.fail summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.fail summary::after { content: "+"; margin-left: auto; font: 1.2rem var(--mono); color: var(--accent); }
.fail[open] summary::after { content: "-"; }
.f-when { font: .8rem var(--mono); color: var(--faint); flex: none; }
.f-title { font: 600 1.15rem/1.3 var(--serif); }
.fail dl { margin: 0; padding: 0 22px 20px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 170px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 8px 20px; }
.fail dt { font: 500 .74rem/1.9 var(--mono); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .06em; color: var(--accent); }
.fail dd { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.patterns-h { margin-top: 40px; font-size: 1.4rem; }
.patterns { padding-left: 1.2em; color: var(--muted); }
.patterns li { margin-bottom: 6px; }

/* ---------- responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .impact { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .impact li:nth-child(4n + 1) strong { color: var(--ink); }
  .impact li:nth-child(odd) strong { color: var(--accent); }
}
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .bar { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 12px; padding: 10px 0; }
  .controls { margin-inline-start: auto; }
  .nav { order: 3; width: 100%; margin: 0 -10px; overflow-x: auto; scrollbar-width: none; }
  .nav ul { gap: 0; }
  .nav a { padding: 4px 10px; white-space: nowrap; }
  html { scroll-padding-top: 120px; }
  .hero, .journey-hero { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); padding-top: 40px; gap: 24px; }
  .portrait { justify-self: start; order: -1; }
  .portrait img, .journey-hero .portrait img { width: 156px; border-radius: 14px; box-shadow: 8px 8px 0 var(--accent); }
  .portrait::after { display: none; }
  .routes ul, .reach, .cards, .split { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .sec-head, .layer, .job, .chapter { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
  .sec-head .kicker { grid-row: auto; padding-top: .6rem; }
  .sec-head .intro { grid-column: 1; }
  .job .when, .ch-year { position: static; }
  .section { padding-top: 56px; }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  body { font-size: 16px; }
  .brand-name { display: none; }
  .impact { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-numbers { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-numbers li + li { padding-left: 0; border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
  .hero-numbers li { padding: 14px 0; }
  .fail dl { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2px; }
  .fail dd { margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .bar { gap: 6px 8px; }
  .controls { gap: 4px; }
  .seg a { padding: 3px 7px; font-size: .7rem; }
  .theme a { width: 24px; padding-inline: 0; }
  .langs summary { padding: 4px 8px; font-size: .7rem; }
}

@media print {
  .site-header, .skip, .progress, .routes, .actions { display: none; }
  body { background: #fff; color: #000; }
  details > *:not(summary) { display: block; }
}
.hero-404 { padding: 120px 0; }
.hero-404 h1 { font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 6vw, 4rem); }
/* Japanese: break lines between phrases, not inside words, and set headlines a little smaller. */
:lang(ja) h1, :lang(ja) h2, :lang(ja) h3, :lang(ja) .lede { word-break: auto-phrase; line-break: strict; overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
:lang(ja) .hero h1 { font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.6vw, 3.4rem); line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: 0; }
:lang(ja) .eyebrow, :lang(ja) .kicker { letter-spacing: .02em; }